东大外语 | 党史学习——英语看党史（一）：从《红星照耀中国》看长征精神

But a few salient points seemed now confirmable from accounts both friendly and inimical, and these clearly indicated the basis of the Red Army’s support. Land was redistributed and taxes were lightened. Collective enterprise was established on a wide scale; by 1933 there were more than 1000 soviet cooperatives in Kiangsi alone. Unemployment, opium, prostitution, child slavery, and compulsory marriage were reported to be eliminated, and the living conditions of the workers and poor peasants in the peaceful areas greatly improved. Mass education made much progress in the stabilized soviets.

现在可以证实几点重要事实，这些事实清楚地说明了红军所取得的人民拥护的基础是什么。土地给重新分配了，捐税给减轻了。集体企业大规模地成立了，到一九三三年，仅江西一地就有一千多个苏维埃合作社。失业、鸦片、卖淫、奴婢、买卖婚姻都已绝迹，和平地区的工人和贫农生活条件大为改善。群众教育在情况稳定的苏区有了很大的改善。

The Communists told me that they were writing a collective account of the Long March, with contributions from dozens who made it, which already totaled about 300,000 words. Adventure, exploration, discovery, human courage and cowardice, ecstasy and triumph, suffering, sacrifice, and loyalty, and then through it all, like a flame, an undimmed ardor and undying hope and amazing revolutionary optimism of those thousands of youths who would not admit defeat by man or nature or God or death--all this and more.

共产党人告诉我，他们正在撰写一部关于长征的集体报告，几十位参加过长征的人都投身到写作中，已经完成了30万字。冒险、探索、发现、人类的勇气和怯懦、胜利和狂喜、困苦、牺牲、忠诚，千万青年永不磨灭的热情、永不放弃的希望和令人惊叹的革命乐观主义精神，就像一团火焰照亮着这一路的征程。这些年轻人无论是在他人面前，还是面对自然、上帝、死亡，都绝不认输——所有的这一切，宛如一部现代史上无与伦比的《奥德赛》史诗。

Small villages were numerous in the Northwest, but towns of any size were infrequent. Except for the industries begun by the Reds it was agrarian and in places semipastoral country. Thus it was quite breathtaking to ride out suddenly on the brow of the wrinkled hills and see stretched out below me in a green valley the ancient walls of Pao An, which means “Defended Peace”. Pao An was once a frontier stronghold, during the Chin and T’ang dynasties.

西北地区村庄林立，但是规模各异。除了红军带来的一些工厂，这里大多是农田或半牧区。因此，从层峦叠嶂的山丘上打马而过，俯视苍茏山谷，保安城的古老城墙蜿蜒于此，眼前一切令我叹为观止。“保安”二字有“保卫平安”之意，在秦朝和唐朝的时候，保安城曾是边防要塞。

Red tactics, apart from the politica basis of the movement, explained much of the successful military development. At Chingkangshan four slogans had been adopted and these give the clue to the methods of partisan warfare used, out of which the Red Army grew. The slogans were:

1. When the enemy advances, we retreat!

2.When the enemy halts and encamps, we trouble them!

3.When the enemy seeks to avoid a battle, we attack!

4.When the enemy retreats, we pursue!

These slogans [of four characters each in Chinese] were at first opposed by many experienced military men who did not agree with the type of tactics advocated. But much experience proved that the tactics were correct. Whenever the Red Army departed from them in general, it did not succeed.

除了这个运动的政治基础以外，红军的战术在很大程度上造成了军事上的胜利发展。我们在井冈山采取了四个口号，提纲挈领地说明了我们所采用的游击战术，而红军就是从这种游击战中成长起来的。这些口号是：

一、敌进我退！

二、敌驻我扰！

三、敌疲我打！

四、敌退我追！

这四个口号最初为许多有经验的军人所反对，他们不赞成我们所主张的这种战术。但是，后来许多的经验都证明这种战术是正确的。一般说来，凡是红军背离了这些口号，他们就不能打胜仗。